Extended Producer Responsibility

Textile recycling has spent years trapped between ambition and evidence, with fibre-to-fibre promises rarely translating into commercial deployment. The recent Textiles Recycling Expo in Brussels marked a shift. Automated sorting, chemical and mechanical recycling, and Digital Product Passports moved from concept to working infrastructure, forcing an uncomfortable question about who will actually buy the output.

Governments in more than two dozen markets are adopting or planning Extended Producer Responsibility schemes for textiles, building funding architectures designed to make fashion brands pay for end-of-life waste management. The infrastructure to sort and recycle what those schemes collect barely exists. A new analysis by WRAP maps how the gap between collection mandates and processing capacity is producing stockpiles, exports and at least one regulatory enforcement action.

Textile extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems across Europe remain highly fragmented, with no harmonised approach to registration, reporting or invoicing, according to a new analysis covering 12 Producer Responsibility Organisations across 11 countries. The findings identify priority areas for alignment and call for a common core of rules to ease the compliance load on producers.

The EU's mandatory separate textile collection requirement came into force in 2025, backed by recyclability targets for 2030. What the policy framework has not accounted for is that the larger share of fibre loss in a cotton garment occurs before any consumer touches it. A new study traces a single t-shirt across its full global supply chain to quantify where that loss actually goes.

Producer responsibility schemes for textiles and apparel are expanding across major markets, bringing new obligations for product-level data, traceability, and interoperability. A policy deep dive from Cascale and Worldly maps the regulatory landscape across Europe, Asia, and the Americas, outlining practical implications for brands and manufacturers as compliance complexity continues to grow.

Is textile circularity entering a more mature phase of development within the European circular economy agenda? The just-concluded IFAT 2026 reflected a broader shift in the European debate: textile circularity is indeed increasingly being understood as an infrastructure and systems challenge rather than simply a waste-management problem. A report.

Each year, Californians discard approximately 1.2 million tonnes of textiles, costing local governments an estimated $99 million in landfill fees. A new state law, SB 707, shifts that cost directly to producers through a mandatory extended producer responsibility framework—the first of its kind for apparel in the United States. Research from USAgain and Cascadia Consulting Group examines what it will take to make the system function.

Circula-TEX, a new EU-funded project under Horizon Europe, aims to harmonise textile waste management across Member States by developing unified Extended Producer Responsibility schemes and circular innovations. With 19 partners from nine countries, the four-year initiative will create scalable solutions.

At EU Green Week 2025, leaders reaffirmed that circular economy is not just green policy—it’s Europe’s competitive strategy. From the upcoming Circular Economy Act to fast fashion regulations, the EU aims to reduce resource dependency, boost innovation, and scale circular systems. Now, the focus shifts from ambition to implementation.

New research shows that UK shoppers support small, visible Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) charges on clothing to fund textile recycling and promote sustainable fashion. Transparent communication and simple labelling could help drive a circular economy without deterring consumers from making purchases.