Story 1: In a tiny predominantly farmers village far away in Tamil Nadu’s Attur block in Salem district, Amutha, in her mid-thirties, lived a hand to mouth existence with her husband and children two.
Barely literate, having studied till the fifth standard, aimless and a desultory Amutha would go to the fields to crop the harvest, get some wages and come back home spent and tired toiling in the hot field. But there were mortgages and loans to be paid and so some work was the only recourse.
Story 2: Unlike Amutha, Kala, a science graduate, was born and brought up in the Attur region. The only child of her parents, they sacrificed some assets and finances to ensure she got a decent education. But even as she was studying the dictates of society meant that she was “given away” in marriage. While her husband supported her to complete her studies, Kala’s in-laws did not “allow’” her to work, and instead wanted a grandchild. The husband stood by her once again and “permitted” her to go chase her dreams and make use of her graduate degree which she had diligently earned, with the condition that she find a job around Attur.
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Amutha’s village, Manjini, has not more than 1200 houses, records the lowest female literacy percentage of 29.8% in the state, and offers mostly seasonal jobs. The socio-cultural edifice ensures that the woman is a homemaker, and the man is not supposed to allow the woman to step out for work, no matter how tough the financial situation at home.
Gradually however as mindsets evolved, and two garment manufacturing units came up in the region, women have joined the workforce there in huge numbers. So much so that of the thousand workers in the two factories, the proportion of women is 99.2% (!), and now there are also women supervisors.
When Amutha joined JG Hosiery (manufacturing wing of Amul, the innerwear brand headquartered in Kolkata) in 2018 at a marginally better amount than what she was getting as a crop-cutter, she did not consider this job as “an opportunity to improve her situation”. It was a less taxing work and with 8 hours of “duty” it meant she could manage her family better. “At that time, JG was the only garment industry in my area. Working in the garment industry as a sewing operator looked comparatively easy.”